One of 
			the helpful items for studying the Jewish population of Kupiskis, 
			Lithuania is the Heads of Household Index for the 1816 Revision 
			List.  There are approximately 144 distinct Heads who make up the 
			family structure of the shtetl.  Among them are eight Heads who do 
			not have surnames yet, only first and father’s names. 
			 
				The prior 1811 
				Revision List was replete with people in hospital and deaths due 
				to the inclement weather, the Napoleonic incursions with their 
				health issues such as diphtheria, dysentery, trench fever, 
				epidemic typhus, as well as the fact that Kupiskis was the site 
				of an army depot.  Unfortunately, we don’t have a full extant 
				copy of this document. 
			Although we have two prior Revision Lists in the 1700’s, they do not 
			contain surnames of the Heads of Household, so it is difficult to 
			try and match these to the later 1800’s Lists. We are left with the 
			1816 List to create a “founder” generation of Kupishokers. 
			
			The “Founder” 
			generation is emblematic of a dynamic Jewish population which 
			originated in such Ashkenazic places as Metz and Cologne as well as 
			Sephardic ones like Portugal and Spain. They, many times, were asked 
			to come to Kupiskis at the behest of the Polish magnates or they 
			were the victims of expulsions such as in Spain. 
			 
			This “founder” generation is encompassed by the following sixty 
			individual surnames: 
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